Trim off the dark red bloodline if your pieces have one.
Pat both pieces dry with paper towels, pressing until the towel comes away nearly dry.
Season lightly with salt and pepper.
Sear Briefly
Heat a thin film of olive oil in a small skillet over medium-high heat until it shimmers. Sear the tuna for 30–45 seconds per side, just long enough for the outside to turn opaque.
You're not cooking it through. Move it to a plate and pour off or wipe out any liquid left in the pan.
Warm the Marinara
Lower the heat to medium-low and add the tablespoon of olive oil. Add the garlic and red pepper flakes and cook for about 30 seconds, until the garlic smells fragrant but hasn't browned.
Pour in the marinara, plus the capers or olives if you're using them. Simmer gently for 3–5 minutes. You want a few lazy bubbles, not a rolling boil.
Add the Tuna
Nestle both pieces into the sauce and spoon a little over the tops. The sauce should come about halfway up the sides of the fish.
Cover and Finish Gently
Turn the heat to low and cover the pan. Since the tuna is already seared, it needs less time than a raw poach.
Tuna thickness Original poach time After searing (approx.)½ inch 3–5 minutes 1–2 minutes¾ inch 5–7 minutes 2–4 minutes1 inch 7–10 minutes 4–6 minutes
Check for Doneness
For fully cooked tuna, the FDA recommends an internal temperature of 145°F. The tuna should be opaque and separate easily with a fork.
Check at the low end of the time range, because small pieces cook quickly.
Finish
Take the pan off the heat, add fresh parsley or basil, and drizzle with a little good olive oil.